Multiple sequence alignment - TraesCS6D01G191700
Loading Multiple Alignment...
BLAST Results
BLAST Results - Input Sequence
Shown here are the results of a BLAST search against the genome using the input sequence. The pipeline uses this
to extract flanking regions for cloning. If the result of the multiple sequence alignment is
not as expected, these results could be used for further investigation.
qseqid
sseqid
percentage.identical
alignment.length
no.mismatch
no.gap.openings
qstart
qend
sstart
send
evalue
bitscore
0
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6D
100.000
2398
0
0
1
2398
264450622
264448225
0.000000e+00
4429.0
1
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6B
91.505
1495
50
25
942
2398
408246313
408244858
0.000000e+00
1986.0
2
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6B
89.956
677
52
5
94
754
408260823
408260147
0.000000e+00
859.0
3
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6B
90.404
198
6
2
754
951
408259767
408259583
5.120000e-62
248.0
4
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6A
90.507
1559
58
28
877
2398
373120633
373119128
0.000000e+00
1977.0
5
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6A
91.657
899
53
7
1
882
373137729
373136836
0.000000e+00
1225.0
6
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr4B
93.421
76
3
2
2239
2312
22844032
22844107
7.010000e-21
111.0
7
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr7B
76.442
208
43
6
1
205
748773482
748773686
9.060000e-20
108.0
8
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr7B
89.474
76
5
3
2239
2312
705867438
705867512
2.540000e-15
93.5
9
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr7B
100.000
32
0
0
2244
2275
420591033
420591002
2.570000e-05
60.2
10
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr7A
92.857
70
3
2
2245
2312
50004226
50004295
1.520000e-17
100.0
11
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr3D
92.308
65
3
2
2249
2312
15968456
15968393
9.130000e-15
91.6
12
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr3D
90.909
44
0
4
2237
2276
28047215
28047258
3.330000e-04
56.5
13
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr1D
82.653
98
10
5
609
699
362575866
362575769
1.980000e-11
80.5
14
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr4A
86.364
66
7
2
2245
2308
17481969
17481904
1.190000e-08
71.3
15
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr5B
91.111
45
0
1
2242
2282
685949265
685949309
9.260000e-05
58.4
16
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr2A
92.500
40
1
2
2241
2279
391897127
391897165
3.330000e-04
56.5
BLAST Results - HSPs grouped
These results show the homologous regions that are presented in the multiple sequence alignment. HSPs from the
BLAST search that are within 2000 bases of each other have been grouped together. Homologous regions that are
purely upstream or downstream may be removed if they don't overlap both primers.
query
scaffold
start
end
length
rev.comp
avg.bitscore
max.bitscore
avg.percent.identical
query.start
query.end
num_hsp
groupid
homo_length
0
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6D
264448225
264450622
2397
True
4429.0
4429
100.000
1
2398
1
chr6D.!!$R1
2397
1
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6B
408244858
408246313
1455
True
1986.0
1986
91.505
942
2398
1
chr6B.!!$R1
1456
2
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6B
408259583
408260823
1240
True
553.5
859
90.180
94
951
2
chr6B.!!$R2
857
3
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6A
373119128
373120633
1505
True
1977.0
1977
90.507
877
2398
1
chr6A.!!$R1
1521
4
TraesCS6D01G191700
chr6A
373136836
373137729
893
True
1225.0
1225
91.657
1
882
1
chr6A.!!$R2
881
AutoCloner calculated primer pairs
These primer pairs were selected by Autocloner to minimize primer penalty (calculated by Primer3),
whilst remaining within the specified product range where possible.
Forward
Primers
Reverse
Primers
Position
MSA Position
Penalty
Sequence
TM
GC
Self any TH
Self end TH
Hairpin
End Stability
Orientation
279
283
0.034059
CCCAGAACGACAAGCTGTCT
59.966
55.0
12.45
0.00
44.85
3.41
F
629
649
0.611200
TGGAAACCACCATCGTCGAT
59.389
50.0
0.75
0.75
34.77
3.59
F
Position
MSA Position
Penalty
Sequence
TM
GC
Self any TH
Self end TH
Hairpin
End Stability
Orientation
1305
1711
0.739561
GCGTCGTACTCCTCCTTGAT
59.260
55.000
0.0
0.0
0.00
2.57
R
1910
2320
1.468520
CTACTTGGCACCCATGTTTCG
59.531
52.381
7.9
0.0
41.24
3.46
R
All possible primers
Listed here are all possible primers based on the multiple sequence alignment and SNPs generated
previously. A lower penalty score indicates a better primer. If the AutoCloner primers did not work
during PCR or sequencing,
these could be used as alternatives.
Forward
Primers
Reverse
Primers
Position
MSA Position
Penalty
Sequence
TM
GC
Self any TH
Self end TH
Hairpin
End Stability
26
27
2.848887
TCGAACGCATTTTTGTTGTGTG
59.151
40.909
0.00
0.00
37.83
3.82
39
40
1.003116
GTTGTGTGAGCACTGAAGCTG
60.003
52.381
4.28
0.00
46.75
4.24
71
72
1.415289
GGTGGGAGTAAGGATAACCGG
59.585
57.143
0.00
0.00
41.83
5.28
82
83
1.816224
GGATAACCGGCAACACATGTT
59.184
47.619
0.00
0.00
39.12
2.71
163
166
3.143728
GTCAGGGACGTGTGGTATTTTT
58.856
45.455
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.94
186
189
0.319469
TCTCTCGTTGCAATGCACGA
60.319
50.000
23.35
23.35
38.71
4.35
279
283
0.034059
CCCAGAACGACAAGCTGTCT
59.966
55.000
12.45
0.00
44.85
3.41
301
305
2.102252
GGACATTTTGCACAAAGGACCA
59.898
45.455
16.03
0.00
0.00
4.02
333
338
4.301072
AATATTACATCCATCCCCGTGG
57.699
45.455
0.00
0.00
40.76
4.94
457
462
1.747325
TTCCTTGCAACCAAGCTGCC
61.747
55.000
0.00
0.00
45.65
4.85
483
488
2.125912
CTCTTGTGCTCCCCGTCG
60.126
66.667
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.12
629
649
0.611200
TGGAAACCACCATCGTCGAT
59.389
50.000
0.75
0.75
34.77
3.59
634
654
0.824109
ACCACCATCGTCGATGTCAT
59.176
50.000
28.46
14.36
38.28
3.06
692
712
2.510238
CCTGTAGCAGCGCCAGAC
60.510
66.667
2.29
0.00
0.00
3.51
699
719
3.114616
CAGCGCCAGACCGAACAG
61.115
66.667
2.29
0.00
0.00
3.16
705
725
1.668419
GCCAGACCGAACAGCAATAT
58.332
50.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.28
711
731
0.947244
CCGAACAGCAATATGGCCTC
59.053
55.000
3.32
0.00
0.00
4.70
752
1154
3.696548
CAGCTATTTCCTCTGAAAACCCC
59.303
47.826
0.00
0.00
43.37
4.95
753
1155
3.024547
GCTATTTCCTCTGAAAACCCCC
58.975
50.000
0.00
0.00
43.37
5.40
777
1179
6.006449
CCCATAAAATCATCGAATTCCTCCT
58.994
40.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.69
867
1269
2.223249
CCACTGTGTTGGAACGAAACAG
60.223
50.000
7.08
5.47
43.07
3.16
1162
1568
1.846712
GCTGCTCTTCCCCTTCCTGT
61.847
60.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.00
1175
1581
1.111116
TTCCTGTCCGTGTCCTTCGT
61.111
55.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.85
1176
1582
1.080705
CCTGTCCGTGTCCTTCGTC
60.081
63.158
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.20
1177
1583
1.080705
CTGTCCGTGTCCTTCGTCC
60.081
63.158
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.79
1178
1584
2.260743
GTCCGTGTCCTTCGTCCC
59.739
66.667
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.46
1179
1585
2.993264
TCCGTGTCCTTCGTCCCC
60.993
66.667
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.81
1247
1653
1.943116
TTGCTCTCGCCTCTCAGCTC
61.943
60.000
0.00
0.00
34.43
4.09
1305
1711
2.904866
GCAAGCCCACCAACGACA
60.905
61.111
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.35
1328
1734
2.402787
GAGGAGTACGACGCGGAC
59.597
66.667
12.47
6.51
41.59
4.79
1440
1846
3.379445
TCCCGAGACGTTGCCCTC
61.379
66.667
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.30
1514
1920
9.303116
TCTCTAGTTATTAGATCAATCTGTCCC
57.697
37.037
2.72
0.00
37.75
4.46
1831
2241
3.042733
TTGTGGATGGCCGCCCTAG
62.043
63.158
7.03
0.00
44.26
3.02
1878
2288
9.224267
AGATTGGATTGTATCATTTCGATTAGG
57.776
33.333
0.00
0.00
35.39
2.69
1910
2320
7.307811
GGTTCAATGTTTGACTACTCCAGTTAC
60.308
40.741
0.00
0.00
39.87
2.50
1946
2356
7.596995
GTGCCAAGTAGATCATCTCTATGTAAC
59.403
40.741
0.00
0.00
38.71
2.50
1947
2357
7.287696
TGCCAAGTAGATCATCTCTATGTAACA
59.712
37.037
0.00
0.00
38.71
2.41
1955
2365
5.907207
TCATCTCTATGTAACAGGAAGCAC
58.093
41.667
0.00
0.00
34.50
4.40
1985
2395
5.461327
AGTATTGGGAAGCAATGGATCAAT
58.539
37.500
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.57
1986
2396
5.901276
AGTATTGGGAAGCAATGGATCAATT
59.099
36.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.32
1987
2397
4.475051
TTGGGAAGCAATGGATCAATTG
57.525
40.909
17.26
17.26
39.98
2.32
1997
2409
6.558771
CAATGGATCAATTGCGGACTTATA
57.441
37.500
9.90
0.00
31.19
0.98
2006
2418
8.902540
TCAATTGCGGACTTATAGTTATTGAT
57.097
30.769
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.57
2075
2492
0.984230
CTGCCTAGGTTTGACTCCCA
59.016
55.000
11.31
0.00
0.00
4.37
2076
2493
1.351017
CTGCCTAGGTTTGACTCCCAA
59.649
52.381
11.31
0.00
0.00
4.12
2094
2511
4.224594
TCCCAATGGATGCAAAATTTAGCA
59.775
37.500
0.00
5.58
45.92
3.49
2095
2512
4.573201
CCCAATGGATGCAAAATTTAGCAG
59.427
41.667
0.00
0.00
44.94
4.24
2098
2515
2.984879
GATGCAAAATTTAGCAGCGC
57.015
45.000
0.00
0.00
44.94
5.92
2150
2567
7.173722
CAGGGCCTCTCATTCTCATTAATAAT
58.826
38.462
0.95
0.00
0.00
1.28
2151
2568
8.324306
CAGGGCCTCTCATTCTCATTAATAATA
58.676
37.037
0.95
0.00
0.00
0.98
2154
2571
8.672815
GGCCTCTCATTCTCATTAATAATAAGC
58.327
37.037
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.09
2194
2611
0.036732
ATGCAGGAAGAAGCGGAACA
59.963
50.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.18
2220
2637
2.555199
ACAGCAATGATCGAGTAAGCC
58.445
47.619
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.35
2237
2654
0.108756
GCCGTGAAGTAGTGGAGGAC
60.109
60.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.85
2243
2660
5.103000
CGTGAAGTAGTGGAGGACATAAAG
58.897
45.833
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.85
2254
2671
3.978610
AGGACATAAAGTACTCCTCCGT
58.021
45.455
0.00
0.00
36.33
4.69
2257
2674
3.029570
ACATAAAGTACTCCTCCGTCCC
58.970
50.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.46
2259
2676
2.249309
AAAGTACTCCTCCGTCCCAT
57.751
50.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.00
2261
2678
3.393426
AAGTACTCCTCCGTCCCATAA
57.607
47.619
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.90
2262
2679
3.614568
AGTACTCCTCCGTCCCATAAT
57.385
47.619
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.28
2263
2680
4.736611
AGTACTCCTCCGTCCCATAATA
57.263
45.455
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
2264
2681
5.272405
AGTACTCCTCCGTCCCATAATAT
57.728
43.478
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.28
2265
2682
6.398655
AGTACTCCTCCGTCCCATAATATA
57.601
41.667
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
2266
2683
6.797707
AGTACTCCTCCGTCCCATAATATAA
58.202
40.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
2267
2684
6.890814
AGTACTCCTCCGTCCCATAATATAAG
59.109
42.308
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.73
2268
2685
5.900437
ACTCCTCCGTCCCATAATATAAGA
58.100
41.667
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.10
2269
2686
5.715753
ACTCCTCCGTCCCATAATATAAGAC
59.284
44.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.01
2312
2729
7.241376
AGCTTACAAAAACGTCTATATTGTGC
58.759
34.615
11.96
8.97
35.89
4.57
2313
2730
7.119262
AGCTTACAAAAACGTCTATATTGTGCT
59.881
33.333
11.96
10.43
35.89
4.40
2315
2732
5.390613
ACAAAAACGTCTATATTGTGCTGC
58.609
37.500
0.00
0.00
33.29
5.25
2316
2733
5.181245
ACAAAAACGTCTATATTGTGCTGCT
59.819
36.000
0.00
0.00
33.29
4.24
2318
2735
7.065803
ACAAAAACGTCTATATTGTGCTGCTAT
59.934
33.333
0.00
0.00
33.29
2.97
2371
2812
1.159285
CATGGCTACATACATGGGCG
58.841
55.000
0.00
0.00
40.50
6.13
2384
2825
2.047655
GGGCGTCACCGTTGATGA
60.048
61.111
6.33
0.00
40.78
2.92
Position
MSA Position
Penalty
Sequence
TM
GC
Self any TH
Self end TH
Hairpin
End Stability
10
11
2.034675
GTGCTCACACAACAAAAATGCG
60.035
45.455
0.00
0.00
46.61
4.73
26
27
2.358003
ACGGCAGCTTCAGTGCTC
60.358
61.111
0.00
0.00
41.98
4.26
58
59
2.702261
TGTGTTGCCGGTTATCCTTAC
58.298
47.619
1.90
0.00
0.00
2.34
59
60
3.275143
CATGTGTTGCCGGTTATCCTTA
58.725
45.455
1.90
0.00
0.00
2.69
82
83
4.460731
TCCGTTATTTCAACATGGCATTCA
59.539
37.500
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.57
163
166
2.224079
GTGCATTGCAACGAGAGAGAAA
59.776
45.455
13.94
0.00
41.47
2.52
279
283
2.102252
GGTCCTTTGTGCAAAATGTCCA
59.898
45.455
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.02
301
305
8.695456
GGATGGATGTAATATTTTGTTCTTGGT
58.305
33.333
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.67
333
338
0.107459
GTGATCTGTTCAGGGGGCTC
60.107
60.000
0.00
0.00
34.17
4.70
383
388
0.321741
TCTTCTCTGTCGGCGTCTCT
60.322
55.000
6.85
0.00
0.00
3.10
457
462
1.517242
GAGCACAAGAGGTCCACAAG
58.483
55.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.16
483
488
2.746277
ATGGGCCTCGTCGTTTGC
60.746
61.111
4.53
0.00
0.00
3.68
606
626
0.762418
ACGATGGTGGTTTCCAGACA
59.238
50.000
0.00
0.00
41.05
3.41
629
649
2.782222
GGCGGCGTCCTCTATGACA
61.782
63.158
9.37
0.00
34.88
3.58
634
654
4.435970
TCTGGGCGGCGTCCTCTA
62.436
66.667
32.34
14.03
0.00
2.43
692
712
0.947244
GAGGCCATATTGCTGTTCGG
59.053
55.000
5.01
0.00
0.00
4.30
699
719
2.557920
ACTAGCAGAGGCCATATTGC
57.442
50.000
5.01
9.17
42.56
3.56
705
725
5.280164
CCATATTGATAACTAGCAGAGGCCA
60.280
44.000
5.01
0.00
42.56
5.36
752
1154
5.183904
GGAGGAATTCGATGATTTTATGGGG
59.816
44.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.96
753
1155
6.006449
AGGAGGAATTCGATGATTTTATGGG
58.994
40.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.00
777
1179
4.435970
CCAGCCCCAGCATGCAGA
62.436
66.667
21.98
0.00
43.56
4.26
1162
1568
2.993264
GGGGACGAAGGACACGGA
60.993
66.667
0.00
0.00
34.93
4.69
1305
1711
0.739561
GCGTCGTACTCCTCCTTGAT
59.260
55.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.57
1328
1734
3.036783
GACGTCGTCCTCCTCCACG
62.037
68.421
14.60
0.00
37.36
4.94
1440
1846
1.920574
CGTACAGATTGGTTCGCAGAG
59.079
52.381
0.00
0.00
38.43
3.35
1514
1920
8.648557
TGTAGCAAAGTAAAGTATGATAGCTG
57.351
34.615
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.24
1831
2241
7.707624
ATCTCTGTCTCTGATATTCCATCTC
57.292
40.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.75
1878
2288
6.415573
AGTAGTCAAACATTGAACCCTATCC
58.584
40.000
0.00
0.00
42.15
2.59
1910
2320
1.468520
CTACTTGGCACCCATGTTTCG
59.531
52.381
7.90
0.00
41.24
3.46
1946
2356
4.396166
CCAATACTTGGTAAGTGCTTCCTG
59.604
45.833
4.56
0.00
45.93
3.86
1947
2357
4.589908
CCAATACTTGGTAAGTGCTTCCT
58.410
43.478
4.56
0.00
45.93
3.36
1985
2395
6.929049
CCTCATCAATAACTATAAGTCCGCAA
59.071
38.462
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.85
1986
2396
6.266786
TCCTCATCAATAACTATAAGTCCGCA
59.733
38.462
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.69
1987
2397
6.586844
GTCCTCATCAATAACTATAAGTCCGC
59.413
42.308
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.54
1988
2398
7.091443
GGTCCTCATCAATAACTATAAGTCCG
58.909
42.308
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.79
1997
2409
4.762289
GACCTGGTCCTCATCAATAACT
57.238
45.455
16.14
0.00
0.00
2.24
2075
2492
3.866910
CGCTGCTAAATTTTGCATCCATT
59.133
39.130
24.07
0.00
38.19
3.16
2076
2493
3.450578
CGCTGCTAAATTTTGCATCCAT
58.549
40.909
24.07
0.00
38.19
3.41
2094
2511
2.228822
CCACTGAAATTTAACCAGCGCT
59.771
45.455
2.64
2.64
0.00
5.92
2095
2512
2.227865
TCCACTGAAATTTAACCAGCGC
59.772
45.455
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.92
2098
2515
4.520492
AGCAGTCCACTGAAATTTAACCAG
59.480
41.667
11.04
4.31
46.59
4.00
2150
2567
3.557898
GCTGCTCCTGCTATAATGGCTTA
60.558
47.826
0.00
0.00
40.48
3.09
2151
2568
2.813354
GCTGCTCCTGCTATAATGGCTT
60.813
50.000
0.00
0.00
40.48
4.35
2154
2571
2.149578
GTGCTGCTCCTGCTATAATGG
58.850
52.381
0.00
0.00
40.48
3.16
2194
2611
3.141398
ACTCGATCATTGCTGTTGTGTT
58.859
40.909
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.32
2220
2637
4.713824
TTATGTCCTCCACTACTTCACG
57.286
45.455
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.35
2237
2654
3.028850
TGGGACGGAGGAGTACTTTATG
58.971
50.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.90
2243
2660
6.888632
TCTTATATTATGGGACGGAGGAGTAC
59.111
42.308
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.73
2253
2670
7.254227
TGCAAAACGTCTTATATTATGGGAC
57.746
36.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.46
2254
2671
7.468084
GCTTGCAAAACGTCTTATATTATGGGA
60.468
37.037
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.37
2257
2674
9.929722
TTAGCTTGCAAAACGTCTTATATTATG
57.070
29.630
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.90
2259
2676
8.937884
TGTTAGCTTGCAAAACGTCTTATATTA
58.062
29.630
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
2261
2678
7.372451
TGTTAGCTTGCAAAACGTCTTATAT
57.628
32.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.86
2262
2679
6.788684
TGTTAGCTTGCAAAACGTCTTATA
57.211
33.333
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
2263
2680
5.682943
TGTTAGCTTGCAAAACGTCTTAT
57.317
34.783
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.73
2264
2681
5.682943
ATGTTAGCTTGCAAAACGTCTTA
57.317
34.783
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.10
2265
2682
4.568152
ATGTTAGCTTGCAAAACGTCTT
57.432
36.364
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.01
2266
2683
5.283060
CTATGTTAGCTTGCAAAACGTCT
57.717
39.130
9.84
1.49
0.00
4.18
2304
2721
7.307989
CGCCTAAAACTTATAGCAGCACAATAT
60.308
37.037
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.28
2305
2722
6.018262
CGCCTAAAACTTATAGCAGCACAATA
60.018
38.462
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.90
2306
2723
5.220854
CGCCTAAAACTTATAGCAGCACAAT
60.221
40.000
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.71
2307
2724
4.094294
CGCCTAAAACTTATAGCAGCACAA
59.906
41.667
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.33
2309
2726
3.621715
ACGCCTAAAACTTATAGCAGCAC
59.378
43.478
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.40
2310
2727
3.869065
ACGCCTAAAACTTATAGCAGCA
58.131
40.909
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.41
2311
2728
3.060473
CGACGCCTAAAACTTATAGCAGC
60.060
47.826
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.25
2312
2729
4.110482
ACGACGCCTAAAACTTATAGCAG
58.890
43.478
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.24
2313
2730
4.114058
ACGACGCCTAAAACTTATAGCA
57.886
40.909
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.49
2315
2732
6.581542
CCTGATACGACGCCTAAAACTTATAG
59.418
42.308
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.31
2316
2733
6.039717
ACCTGATACGACGCCTAAAACTTATA
59.960
38.462
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.98
2318
2735
4.158394
ACCTGATACGACGCCTAAAACTTA
59.842
41.667
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.24
Based at the University of Bristol with support from BBSRC .
AutoCloner maintained by Alex Coulton.