AutoCloner

Multiple sequence alignment - TraesCS1D01G329700

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Download Multiple Sequence Alignment: (Fasta) (Clustal)

BLAST Results

Shown here are the results of a BLAST search against the genome using the input sequence. The pipeline uses this to extract flanking regions for cloning. If the result of the multiple sequence alignment is not as expected, these results could be used for further investigation.

	qseqid	sseqid	percentage.identical	alignment.length	no.mismatch	no.gap.openings	qstart	qend	sstart	send	evalue	bitscore
0	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1D	100.000	3591	0	0	1	3591	420653460	420649870	0.000000e+00	6632.0
1	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1D	77.713	341	54	16	1691	2015	33605535	33605869	4.730000e-44	189.0
2	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1D	74.863	183	24	12	2124	2297	464401735	464401566	2.990000e-06	63.9
3	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1B	95.055	3438	104	35	208	3591	568966813	568963388	0.000000e+00	5347.0
4	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1B	81.361	338	46	11	1691	2015	50988713	50989046	3.560000e-65	259.0
5	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1B	85.514	214	22	8	1	209	568967086	568966877	7.810000e-52	215.0
6	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1A	95.378	1904	75	11	208	2105	517100647	517098751	0.000000e+00	3016.0
7	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1A	97.093	688	19	1	2232	2918	517098413	517097726	0.000000e+00	1158.0
8	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1A	93.842	682	25	8	2923	3589	517097519	517096840	0.000000e+00	1011.0
9	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1A	76.991	339	59	15	1692	2015	32187489	32187823	3.680000e-40	176.0
10	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1A	90.511	137	3	3	2103	2234	517098708	517098577	4.770000e-39	172.0
11	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr6D	79.679	187	27	7	2115	2294	459736380	459736562	1.350000e-24	124.0
12	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr6D	83.838	99	8	4	2109	2201	461373471	461373375	1.780000e-13	87.9
13	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr2A	90.805	87	6	2	2122	2206	526069868	526069782	8.150000e-22	115.0
14	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr3B	78.462	195	27	10	2115	2300	501422515	501422327	2.930000e-21	113.0
15	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr2B	90.244	82	6	2	2122	2201	461113313	461113232	4.900000e-19	106.0
16	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr7D	77.660	188	16	10	2117	2297	63657393	63657225	1.370000e-14	91.6
17	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr7D	84.091	88	12	2	2214	2299	15495872	15495959	2.300000e-12	84.2
18	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr7D	88.571	70	3	1	2122	2186	563722242	563722311	2.970000e-11	80.5
19	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr7D	90.385	52	5	0	2035	2086	154233659	154233608	6.430000e-08	69.4
20	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr7D	74.026	154	30	8	2148	2299	15493515	15493660	2.000000e-03	54.7
21	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr5A	76.923	182	29	7	2124	2299	13093072	13093246	1.370000e-14	91.6
22	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr5B	84.706	85	12	1	2214	2297	327610022	327610106	2.300000e-12	84.2
23	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr5B	93.878	49	3	0	2040	2088	419846361	419846409	1.380000e-09	75.0
24	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr6B	95.745	47	2	0	2042	2088	216509750	216509796	3.840000e-10	76.8
25	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr4D	97.727	44	1	0	2045	2088	173574370	173574413	3.840000e-10	76.8
26	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr2D	97.727	44	1	0	2045	2088	574413526	574413569	3.840000e-10	76.8
27	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr3D	97.674	43	1	0	2047	2089	512260213	512260255	1.380000e-09	75.0
28	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr7B	95.238	42	2	0	2047	2088	29304342	29304301	2.310000e-07	67.6

These results show the homologous regions that are presented in the multiple sequence alignment. HSPs from the BLAST search that are within 2000 bases of each other have been grouped together. Homologous regions that are purely upstream or downstream may be removed if they don't overlap both primers.

	query	scaffold	start	end	length	rev.comp	avg.bitscore	max.bitscore	avg.percent.identical	query.start	query.end	num_hsp	groupid	homo_length
0	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1D	420649870	420653460	3590	True	6632.00	6632	100.0000	1	3591	1	chr1D.!!$R1	3590
1	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1B	568963388	568967086	3698	True	2781.00	5347	90.2845	1	3591	2	chr1B.!!$R1	3590
2	TraesCS1D01G329700	chr1A	517096840	517100647	3807	True	1339.25	3016	94.2060	208	3589	4	chr1A.!!$R1	3381

AutoCloner calculated primer pairs

These primer pairs were selected by Autocloner to minimize primer penalty (calculated by Primer3), whilst remaining within the specified product range where possible.

Download AutoCloner chosen primers as CSV: (Forward) (Reverse)

Position	MSA Position	Penalty	Sequence	TM	GC	Self any TH	Self end TH	Hairpin	End Stability	Orientation
109	110	0.099436	GGTGCATTTCTGTCATCCGC	59.901	55.0	0.0	0.0	0.00	5.54	F
173	177	0.179037	GCAGTAGCATGATCCCAGCA	60.179	55.0	0.0	0.0	41.58	4.41	F
204	208	0.729140	CTTTTGGATGAACGTGCGGC	60.729	55.0	0.0	0.0	0.00	6.53	F
1795	1871	0.806102	CAGGGTCTACAATGACGGCG	60.806	60.0	4.8	4.8	37.81	6.46	F

Position	MSA Position	Penalty	Sequence	TM	GC	Self any TH	Self end TH	Hairpin	End Stability	Orientation
1819	1895	1.133575	ACCCCGAATACAGATCTCCGA	60.134	52.381	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.55	R
2149	2296	4.982295	CGAATATAGCATTGACGGAGACAA	59.018	41.667	0.00	0.00	46.85	3.18	R
2160	2307	9.363763	CATGTAAGATCTCACGAATATAGCATT	57.636	33.333	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.56	R
3475	4016	1.933181	TCCGAATGTATGCAAGCTTCG	59.067	47.619	10.04	10.04	35.56	3.79	R

All possible primers

Listed here are all possible primers based on the multiple sequence alignment and SNPs generated previously. A lower penalty score indicates a better primer. If the AutoCloner primers did not work during PCR or sequencing, these could be used as alternatives.

Download all possible primers: (Forward) (Reverse)

Position	MSA Position	Penalty	Sequence	TM	GC	Self any TH	Self end TH	Hairpin	End Stability
30	31	3.144193	CTCCGCCGCCTCTCTCTT	61.144	66.667	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.85
31	32	3.423162	CTCCGCCGCCTCTCTCTTG	62.423	68.421	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.02
68	69	1.068610	CCATGTACGCAACCTGTTTGG	60.069	52.381	0.00	0.00	42.93	3.28
99	100	2.867472	CGGTCACCGGTGCATTTC	59.133	61.111	30.25	15.62	44.15	2.17
100	101	1.671054	CGGTCACCGGTGCATTTCT	60.671	57.895	30.25	0.00	44.15	2.52
101	102	1.875963	GGTCACCGGTGCATTTCTG	59.124	57.895	30.25	3.59	0.00	3.02
102	103	0.889186	GGTCACCGGTGCATTTCTGT	60.889	55.000	30.25	0.00	0.00	3.41
103	104	0.517316	GTCACCGGTGCATTTCTGTC	59.483	55.000	30.25	7.17	0.00	3.51
104	105	0.107643	TCACCGGTGCATTTCTGTCA	59.892	50.000	30.25	5.36	0.00	3.58
105	106	1.167851	CACCGGTGCATTTCTGTCAT	58.832	50.000	24.02	0.00	0.00	3.06
106	107	1.131126	CACCGGTGCATTTCTGTCATC	59.869	52.381	24.02	0.00	0.00	2.92
107	108	0.734889	CCGGTGCATTTCTGTCATCC	59.265	55.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.51
108	109	0.374758	CGGTGCATTTCTGTCATCCG	59.625	55.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.18
109	110	0.099436	GGTGCATTTCTGTCATCCGC	59.901	55.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	5.54
110	111	0.247814	GTGCATTTCTGTCATCCGCG	60.248	55.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	6.46
169	173	2.869636	GCAGTAGCAGTAGCATGATCCC	60.870	54.545	0.00	0.00	45.49	3.85
173	177	0.179037	GCAGTAGCATGATCCCAGCA	60.179	55.000	0.00	0.00	41.58	4.41
177	181	3.750130	CAGTAGCATGATCCCAGCATAAC	59.250	47.826	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.89
202	206	0.871722	TCCTTTTGGATGAACGTGCG	59.128	50.000	0.00	0.00	45.19	5.34
204	208	0.729140	CTTTTGGATGAACGTGCGGC	60.729	55.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	6.53
241	311	5.754782	TGTTATGCCAATGGAGTTCATACT	58.245	37.500	2.05	0.00	34.44	2.12
290	360	5.946298	AGTATGTCATCGTTGTTCGTCTAA	58.054	37.500	0.00	0.00	40.80	2.10
352	422	4.994852	GTGTTTAGGCTTATGTCAGACACA	59.005	41.667	5.05	0.00	40.18	3.72
376	446	2.520069	CCTGAGTGTGTACCTGAGAGT	58.480	52.381	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.24
453	523	7.224753	CGTTTAGACATTGCCAGTCTACATTAT	59.775	37.037	8.88	0.00	45.44	1.28
454	524	9.542462	GTTTAGACATTGCCAGTCTACATTATA	57.458	33.333	8.88	0.00	45.44	0.98
485	555	3.334583	AACAAGCTCATATGTCGTGGT	57.665	42.857	1.90	0.97	0.00	4.16
724	796	9.988350	GTTACTCACAAGACCATTAAATATGTG	57.012	33.333	0.00	0.00	38.36	3.21
727	799	8.730680	ACTCACAAGACCATTAAATATGTGTTC	58.269	33.333	0.00	0.00	38.22	3.18
752	824	7.172532	TCGTTACAATTGTCTCATGTTAGCTTT	59.827	33.333	15.85	0.00	0.00	3.51
753	825	8.440059	CGTTACAATTGTCTCATGTTAGCTTTA	58.560	33.333	15.85	0.00	0.00	1.85
770	842	9.495754	GTTAGCTTTAAAGATATTGAGCTGTTG	57.504	33.333	19.48	0.00	40.38	3.33
783	855	4.191544	TGAGCTGTTGTCCTAATGCATAC	58.808	43.478	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.39
784	856	4.191544	GAGCTGTTGTCCTAATGCATACA	58.808	43.478	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.29
800	872	7.953158	ATGCATACACTCAGTCATATTGTAC	57.047	36.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.90
874	946	3.005554	TTGATCTGCTAGAGCAAAGTGC	58.994	45.455	12.39	0.00	46.22	4.40
898	970	1.026718	GGGGAACGATTGCTCTGGTG	61.027	60.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.17
1029	1104	1.340889	GTTGGCACTGGATTGCTGAAA	59.659	47.619	0.00	0.00	42.56	2.69
1051	1126	2.100749	GGCTTGAGGAGAGTCTTAGAGC	59.899	54.545	0.00	0.57	0.00	4.09
1063	1138	4.916183	AGTCTTAGAGCAGCAAAGGAAAT	58.084	39.130	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.17
1144	1219	2.305927	TGAGGAGTAAGGGGAAAGCTTG	59.694	50.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.01
1716	1792	7.829725	TGGATTTTATCTTCAGTTGGAACATG	58.170	34.615	0.00	0.00	39.30	3.21
1756	1832	5.349817	CCTTATTTCAGCTCTGCGGTATATG	59.650	44.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.78
1795	1871	0.806102	CAGGGTCTACAATGACGGCG	60.806	60.000	4.80	4.80	37.81	6.46
1819	1895	6.931281	CGTTGATGGTCAAGTCAGGAATATAT	59.069	38.462	0.00	0.00	37.00	0.86
1852	1928	1.227943	CGGGGTGATGGTATGCTGG	60.228	63.158	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.85
2247	2568	8.289618	TGTTCTTTCTTACATGTTATGCACTTC	58.710	33.333	2.30	0.00	0.00	3.01
2269	2590	7.227512	ACTTCACTGAGACTTGGTTAAATCTTG	59.772	37.037	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.02
2592	2913	3.380637	GCAGGAGACGGATTGTTCTAGTA	59.619	47.826	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.82
2594	2915	5.623824	GCAGGAGACGGATTGTTCTAGTAAA	60.624	44.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.01
2601	2922	8.258708	AGACGGATTGTTCTAGTAAAAGCTATT	58.741	33.333	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.73
2626	2947	2.121948	TCAGCATAAGCAGGTCAGGAT	58.878	47.619	0.00	0.00	45.49	3.24
2860	3181	4.468713	TGGTTGAGAAACATCCACAATCA	58.531	39.130	0.00	0.00	41.66	2.57
2910	3232	3.181464	CCTTAAAGTAGGGGTAGAGCAGC	60.181	52.174	0.00	0.00	0.00	5.25
3055	3590	5.654603	TGATGTTGGTACACTAGTGGTAG	57.345	43.478	26.12	1.91	39.29	3.18
3141	3677	4.157849	TCTGTTTGTACATGTTGGTGGA	57.842	40.909	2.30	0.00	32.86	4.02
3235	3771	8.596293	TCAAATCTTATTCCAAATTTTCTGGCT	58.404	29.630	0.00	0.00	33.63	4.75
3320	3858	9.376075	CTGTTCACTCACTCTACATTATCATTT	57.624	33.333	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.32
3372	3910	6.175471	ACTGCATCAGTTGAGAATGATAACA	58.825	36.000	0.00	0.00	42.59	2.41
3475	4016	7.275920	ACCAGTTTCATATATCTCCAGTGAAC	58.724	38.462	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.18
3502	4043	5.008019	AGCTTGCATACATTCGGAAACATAG	59.992	40.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.23

Position	MSA Position	Penalty	Sequence	TM	GC	Self any TH	Self end TH	Hairpin	End Stability
16	17	2.202676	GACAAGAGAGAGGCGGCG	60.203	66.667	0.51	0.51	0.00	6.46
30	31	4.680237	CGCGCTGTTCCCAGGACA	62.680	66.667	5.56	0.00	39.22	4.02
46	47	1.573829	AACAGGTTGCGTACATGGCG	61.574	55.000	8.07	2.31	42.69	5.69
47	48	0.596082	AAACAGGTTGCGTACATGGC	59.404	50.000	8.07	0.00	42.69	4.40
60	61	1.962807	TGAGGCATTTCACCAAACAGG	59.037	47.619	0.00	0.00	45.67	4.00
68	69	1.069227	GTGACCGTTGAGGCATTTCAC	60.069	52.381	0.00	0.00	46.52	3.18
76	77	2.357034	CACCGGTGACCGTTGAGG	60.357	66.667	31.31	9.52	41.96	3.86
91	92	0.247814	CGCGGATGACAGAAATGCAC	60.248	55.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.57
94	95	0.652592	GGACGCGGATGACAGAAATG	59.347	55.000	12.47	0.00	0.00	2.32
95	96	0.462047	GGGACGCGGATGACAGAAAT	60.462	55.000	12.47	0.00	0.00	2.17
96	97	1.079405	GGGACGCGGATGACAGAAA	60.079	57.895	12.47	0.00	0.00	2.52
97	98	1.982395	AGGGACGCGGATGACAGAA	60.982	57.895	12.47	0.00	0.00	3.02
98	99	2.362503	AGGGACGCGGATGACAGA	60.363	61.111	12.47	0.00	0.00	3.41
99	100	2.202797	CAGGGACGCGGATGACAG	60.203	66.667	12.47	0.00	0.00	3.51
100	101	4.451150	GCAGGGACGCGGATGACA	62.451	66.667	12.47	0.00	0.00	3.58
129	133	0.396811	CCCGATTCCCACCATAGACC	59.603	60.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.85
130	134	0.250338	GCCCGATTCCCACCATAGAC	60.250	60.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.59
131	135	0.692756	TGCCCGATTCCCACCATAGA	60.693	55.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.98
173	177	0.035820	TCCAAAAGGAGCGGCGTTAT	60.036	50.000	9.37	0.00	0.00	1.89
177	181	1.305219	TTCATCCAAAAGGAGCGGCG	61.305	55.000	0.51	0.51	0.00	6.46
211	215	1.408340	CCATTGGCATAACAATCGGCA	59.592	47.619	0.00	0.00	38.94	5.69
214	218	4.096231	TGAACTCCATTGGCATAACAATCG	59.904	41.667	0.00	0.00	38.94	3.34
216	220	6.835488	AGTATGAACTCCATTGGCATAACAAT	59.165	34.615	0.00	0.00	41.51	2.71
217	221	6.186957	AGTATGAACTCCATTGGCATAACAA	58.813	36.000	0.00	0.00	36.71	2.83
218	222	5.754782	AGTATGAACTCCATTGGCATAACA	58.245	37.500	0.00	0.00	36.71	2.41
219	223	6.498304	CAAGTATGAACTCCATTGGCATAAC	58.502	40.000	0.00	0.00	36.71	1.89
290	360	0.609131	CCATGAGGCCGTCCACTTTT	60.609	55.000	0.00	0.00	33.74	2.27
321	391	4.772100	ACATAAGCCTAAACACAAATGCCT	59.228	37.500	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.75
352	422	1.147191	TCAGGTACACACTCAGGGACT	59.853	52.381	0.00	0.00	43.88	3.85
376	446	0.882484	TGCGACGGCTTGAATTGTCA	60.882	50.000	0.00	0.00	40.82	3.58
474	544	5.607939	TTCCAATGACTACCACGACATAT	57.392	39.130	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.78
477	547	3.755112	TTTCCAATGACTACCACGACA	57.245	42.857	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.35
724	796	6.736853	GCTAACATGAGACAATTGTAACGAAC	59.263	38.462	11.95	0.00	0.00	3.95
727	799	6.408858	AGCTAACATGAGACAATTGTAACG	57.591	37.500	11.95	1.44	0.00	3.18
752	824	9.330063	CATTAGGACAACAGCTCAATATCTTTA	57.670	33.333	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.85
753	825	7.201767	GCATTAGGACAACAGCTCAATATCTTT	60.202	37.037	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.52
762	834	4.034510	GTGTATGCATTAGGACAACAGCTC	59.965	45.833	3.54	0.00	0.00	4.09
770	842	5.011090	TGACTGAGTGTATGCATTAGGAC	57.989	43.478	3.54	0.00	0.00	3.85
783	855	6.974932	AGCAAAGTACAATATGACTGAGTG	57.025	37.500	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.51
784	856	8.067751	TCTAGCAAAGTACAATATGACTGAGT	57.932	34.615	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.41
800	872	9.774742	GTCCAGTGTAATATTTTTCTAGCAAAG	57.225	33.333	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.77
874	946	1.065854	AGAGCAATCGTTCCCCTTCAG	60.066	52.381	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.02
924	997	9.586435	CAAAATCACTGGAAAATACCCTTATTC	57.414	33.333	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.75
1029	1104	3.631250	CTCTAAGACTCTCCTCAAGCCT	58.369	50.000	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.58
1051	1126	4.053295	CAACCAACTGATTTCCTTTGCTG	58.947	43.478	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.41
1063	1138	6.553100	AGAATGGAAAATAACCAACCAACTGA	59.447	34.615	0.00	0.00	40.93	3.41
1102	1177	5.523369	TCAGTATGACTGTGCTTATCATCG	58.477	41.667	6.51	0.00	46.03	3.84
1144	1219	8.286097	GCATAAATCTACAAAGAGCCAGTAATC	58.714	37.037	0.00	0.00	34.49	1.75
1344	1419	3.828451	ACCAAGCAGCAAATCACTGTATT	59.172	39.130	0.00	0.00	37.47	1.89
1412	1487	7.745717	ACCACATATTATAGCCTAGCAAGAAA	58.254	34.615	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.52
1716	1792	9.674824	CTGAAATAAGGCATGAATGAAGATAAC	57.325	33.333	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.89
1756	1832	1.730612	GGTTTCGATTTCACCCTCGAC	59.269	52.381	0.00	0.00	43.03	4.20
1795	1871	7.116948	CGATATATTCCTGACTTGACCATCAAC	59.883	40.741	0.00	0.00	32.21	3.18
1819	1895	1.133575	ACCCCGAATACAGATCTCCGA	60.134	52.381	0.00	0.00	0.00	4.55
2149	2296	4.982295	CGAATATAGCATTGACGGAGACAA	59.018	41.667	0.00	0.00	46.85	3.18
2160	2307	9.363763	CATGTAAGATCTCACGAATATAGCATT	57.636	33.333	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.56
2247	2568	5.765182	ACCAAGATTTAACCAAGTCTCAGTG	59.235	40.000	0.00	0.00	30.05	3.66
2543	2864	7.973944	GTCCAAAGGTTATTGTTATCATGGTTC	59.026	37.037	0.00	0.00	0.00	3.62
2592	2913	6.095860	TGCTTATGCTGACATCAATAGCTTTT	59.904	34.615	13.64	0.00	40.48	2.27
2594	2915	5.128205	TGCTTATGCTGACATCAATAGCTT	58.872	37.500	13.64	0.00	40.48	3.74
2601	2922	2.236893	TGACCTGCTTATGCTGACATCA	59.763	45.455	8.78	6.90	40.01	3.07
2626	2947	5.636903	AAGGCCTCAAGCAAGATATCTAA	57.363	39.130	5.23	0.00	46.50	2.10
2707	3028	3.308530	GCAACCAGCACAACATTTAGAC	58.691	45.455	0.00	0.00	44.79	2.59
2860	3181	8.073768	CGTGAAAGTTGTAAAAGGATGTGTATT	58.926	33.333	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.89
2996	3520	6.477033	GCGATGAAGATACAACTCACATTAGT	59.523	38.462	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.24
2997	3521	6.345329	CGCGATGAAGATACAACTCACATTAG	60.345	42.308	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.73
3055	3590	6.379386	GTTTGGAATACTGTAAAGCCAGAAC	58.621	40.000	0.00	4.67	36.30	3.01
3141	3677	5.871396	TTCCAGAGAAAACTGTCTACTGT	57.129	39.130	0.00	0.00	36.30	3.55
3235	3771	7.667635	TCAATGTGTTCCTTTGTTACCATATCA	59.332	33.333	0.00	0.00	31.79	2.15
3418	3956	9.028185	GCCTTCATGTTATTTTTCATGAGAATC	57.972	33.333	9.01	0.00	46.79	2.52
3475	4016	1.933181	TCCGAATGTATGCAAGCTTCG	59.067	47.619	10.04	10.04	35.56	3.79

Based at the University of Bristol with support from BBSRC.

AutoCloner maintained by Alex Coulton.